Category: Space Sunday

Dad e-mailed this video link, shot from Soyuz TMA-20 on the 8th June 2011.

The space shuttle Endeavour returned home safe and sound today, after her last 16-day flight into space – congratulations to Commander Mark Kelly and his crew on a remarkable mission which saw the last ever space walks to be conducted from a space shuttle, and the effective completion of the International Space Station – a task Endeavour herself started. Best wishes as well to Commander Kelly’s wife, Gabrielle Giffords, on her continued recovery following the terrible events in Arizona.

I’ve already written as to why the Endeavour is special to me, and I included a few facts about her, as well as posting some of my favourite images of her. To round-out her career, I thought I’d look at her “by the numbers”.

1: The number of times Endeavour has visited the Hubble Telescope in orbit. She undertook the first servicing mission (STS-61) in December 1993. The mission famously corrected the telescope’s faulty optics, effectively giving it a contact lens to wear.

3.5: The number of years it took construct Endeavour. Work commenced in September 1987, and was completed in April 1991.

 

7: The number of times Endeavour landed at Edwards Air Force base, California.

10: The original anticipated lifespan (in years) for each shuttle vehicle in the fleet.

12: The number of times Endeavour visited the International Space Station. She started with the very first US mission to the station (STS-88, December 1998, carrying the Unity module), and finished with the final construction flight for the station, STS-134 in May 2011.

15 days, 17 hours, 38 minutes, 51 seconds: duration of Endeavour’s final mission.

19: The number of years Endeavour saw service. She first flew on May 7th, 1992, on mission STS-49, and was last launched on May 16th, 2011, returning home on June 1st on STS-134.

25: The number of missions Endeavour flew in her career.

100: total number of missions each shuttle was originally expected to undertake.

173: The number of crew Endeavour has flown into orbit. to orbit.

280: The total number of days Endeavour has spent in space.

4,429: The number of orbits Endeavour has made of the Earth.

6,154: The number of entries students gave to call the new space shuttle Endeavour after HMB Endeavour, the vessel captained by James Cook on his voyage to the South Pacific.

17,400: The speed (mph) at which Endeavour travels to remain in orbit (roughly Mach 25, five times the speed of a bullet).

122 million: total distance (rounded in miles) Endeavour has travelled during 25 missions.

$450 million: Average cost to launch a space shuttle.

$1,500 billion: Average cost of a complete shuttle mission.

$1,800 billion: How much it cost to build the Endeavour (in 1987 terms), or around 1/2 the cost of the original shuttle vehicles in the fleet, thanks to the use of “spare parts” that were available.

I’ve already blogged about the affinity I have for the space shuttle Endeavour and how it came about, and while there are many, many photographs from NASA and others that define the space shuttle era, these are the ones that symbolise, for me, the career of the Endeavour.

I don’t tend to write about personal stuff, but today is an exception. In my life, my Dad has been responsible for many things – most of them for the good (other than when the need to tell me off came up!). I’ve shared a lot with him over the years, but three things in particular draw us together with a shared passion: Formula 1 racing, flying, and all things related to astronomy and space exploration.

It’s the latter that prompts this blog post, as Dad has always followed the space shuttle missions. He has the official NASA videos (now all on DVD, although I can remember when he had them on VHS!) of all the major missions – the docking missions with the Russian space station Mir, the Hubble Space Telescope launch, the first “satellite rescues”; the triumphs and tragedies.

If I’m honest, I never paid much attention to these things as a child – space was a “boy” thing. That changed in 1992 when Dad dragged us to Florida to see the maiden flight of the space shuttle Endeavour. He’d seen other launches, but this was the first family trip to see one. If I’m honest, I was more interested in spending two weeks in Florida and doing everything else we’d planned (Disney, Universal Studios, driving, shopping…). As it turned out, the shuttle launch was the highlight of the trip.

Through contacts, Dad had got us a pass into the space centre on the day of the launch, and we had instructions to drive down to the Air Force base south of the space centre, where we were met (along with about 100 other cars!) by a security escort and were led up through the launch facilities to a vantage point about 4 miles from the launch pad, which was visible on the horizon, across a wide river.

We were there for hours with little to do. I remember Mum being very tolerant while Dad was like a small boy at Xmas, faced with lots of new toys. He had a 35mm camera with a huge zoom lens, another with a wide-angle lens, he charged Mum with a third and me with the video camera, and was constantly fussing and checking and re-checking them, putting batteries back on the little portable chargers, swapping the chargers in and out of the cigarette lighter socket in the car, and so on.

I remember being bored and cold a lot of the time. It was May, and the weather had been overcast, and the wind really cut across the flat land. When they mentioned a delay, and possible weather issues, I was actually ready to pack up and go back to the house we’d rented.

That changed when the countdown resumed. I really cannot describe the excitement that went through the crowd when it was announced the launch would go ahead. I do remember that distant blur on the horizon becoming the focus of everyone’s attention and the excitement running up and down the shoreline like something palpable. I also remember fighting Dad for use of his binoculars and looking at the shuttle “up close” and thinking how beautiful it looked. I think that was the point Dad’s “shuttle bug” (as Mum called it) bit me.

The launch itself was thrilling; the countdown over the speakers lining the public area reached 10, I was holding the video camera, the REC light bright in the viewfinder pressed to my eye, and seconds later I saw the faint glow of the main engines as they ignited just before the booster rockets ignited  – and the shuttle vanished in a huge, billowing cloud of smoke – then burst from it, climbing so fast I remember hurriedly zooming out and tipping the camera  – losing the shuttle in the process, but getting it in frame quickly, trying to holding the camera steady.

All around, people were whooping and cheering, the shuttle was climbing into a bronze sky and – it was absolutely silent. There wasn’t a sound from it until a crackling boom! rolled across the water, followed by the sound of about a million firecrackers going off. This was the oddest thing of all – you expect the shuttle to make a long, loud roar, but it’s nothing like that – not over a distance of 4 miles, anyway.

As the speakers gave the call, “Endeavour, go at throttle up,” I honestly remember everyone going quiet. This was the point where the Challenger had exploded. Then, with the shuttle just points of light in my viewfinder, I saw the solid rockets detach; two glowing pinpoints of light – and everyone around me started cheering and jumping, people were hugging one another; I panned the camera down as the shuttle vanished behind cloud, following this long, crooked  trail of smoke back to the empty launch pad, and then stopped filming. Dad was hugging Mum wildly, and he grabbed me, and was shouting things like “Magnificent!” and “Wonderful!” – and was wiping tears from his eyes.

Since then, the Endeavour has remained his “favourite” shuttle; he has every DVD NASA has released of her missions. And today marks the start of her final flight, 19 years to the day that she completed that maiden mission in 1992, when she landed in California.

It would have been wonderful to be in Florida to witness her final launch, but it was not to be. Instead, with her final flight – and with then entire shuttle era, something that has run the greater part of my life amazingly enough, coming to a close,  it’s time to recall some facts about this, the “baby” of the shuttle fleet.

• Endeavour is the “youngest” shuttle of the surviving fleet, built to replace the lost Challenger
• Endeavour was the first shuttle to be fitted with systems to enable long duration missions (up to 28 days in space) to be undertaken
• Endeavour performed the first Hubble Servicing mission
• Endeavour brought the Space Station “into being” with the delivery of the Unity module in 1998
• Endeavour lifted the first African-American woman into space (Mae Jemison), the shuttle’s first Japanese astronaut (Mamoru Mohri) and the first married couple to fly on the same space mission (Mark Lee and Jan Davis)
• Endeavour flew Barbara Morgan, originally the back-up for Teacher-in-Space Susan Christa McAuliffe who was killed in the Challenger disaster, in August 2007 on mission STS-118
• Undertook the longest-ever space shuttle mission, STS-126, lasting 15 days, 20 hours, 30 minutes and 34 seconds
• Only shuttle to ever land on the “temporary runway” at Edwards Air Force Base, requiring a unique braking technique to be used
• Became the only shuttle prepped for a “triple role” launch option: as the launch vehicle for STS-127 mission, and as the rescue vehicle for either the Discovery on STS-119 (rescue mission coded STS-327) or the Atlantis on STS-125 (rescue mission coded STS-400)
• Was the last shuttle to occupy Launch Pad 39B
• Endeavour undertook that final night launch for the shuttle fleet on the 8th February 2010 during mission STS-130.

During STS-134, Endeavour will achieve two final “firsts”:

• She will perform the first-ever “dual rendezvous” with the space station: one will be to dock with the station to undertake the main elements of her mission; the second will be a rendezvous that will terminate prior to docking, to test new navigation sensors that will be used in future space vehicles
• Her crew will undertake the final spacewalks during a shuttle mission, when they install the Alpha Magnet Spectrometer-2 and the Express Logistics Carrier-3.

There is still one more mission to come, STS-135 with the Atlantis, but for me, personally, this is the mission that holds the greatest resonance as the shuttle era comes to an end.

Godspeed to Endeavour and her crew.